Options mapped
Vulvar / vaginal cancer: options by country
Sourced options by country plus visit-prep questions for Vulvar / vaginal cancer. Each line links to its regulator, HTA, or guideline source. This page maps options; it does not recommend or rank them.
Options mappedSolid tumorLast checked June 2026
What this page does
Maps options by country
It maps sourced options by country alongside diagnosis wording, stage, test results, specialists, and trial-search terms.
What it does not do
Does not choose treatment
It does not rank treatments, recommend a choice, or decide clinical fit.
Where it comes from
Built on trusted sources
Every option links to a trusted regulator, HTA, or guideline source, and the list grows as new sources pass verification.
Information to gather before the next visit
- Which stage and recurrence pattern is being discussed: VIN, localized disease, stage IVB, or local recurrence?
- Is the proposed approach surgery, radiation/chemoradiation, systemic therapy, palliation, or a clinical trial?
- Is there a vulvar-specific trial or biomarker-driven option to review separately from extrapolated chemotherapy?
- Is the case VaIN, early invasive vaginal cancer, locally advanced disease, stage IVB, or recurrence?
Trial-search terms to discuss
Options by country
Treatments by country
Regulatory and access status by country, from official sources. It shows what exists and where — not a recommendation.
United Kingdom
- Vulval cancer: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, palliative/symptom-control care. Vaginal cancer: radiotherapy including brachytherapy, surgery in selected settings, chemotherapy with radiotherapy, and follow-up care.[1]Standard option (per NHS)Vulval cancer general treatment including early, before/after surgery, non-surgical, spread/symptom-control contexts; vaginal cancer general treatment including radiotherapy main treatment, early surgery, post-radiotherapy failure, and chemoradiotherapy contexts. · The NHS pages are general treatment information and do not establish drug reimbursement, eligibility, or specialist center access. They do not provide vulvar/vaginal-cancer-specific immunotherapy or targeted-therapy commissioning status. Confidence/conflicts: High for general NHS treatment categories; medium for detailed access because NICE/MHRA and local commissioning were not fetched in this finding.
- Vulval cancer: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, palliative/symptom-control care. Vaginal cancer: radiotherapy including brachytherapy, surgery in selected settings, chemotherapy with radiotherapy, and follow-up care.[1]Standard option (per NHS)Vulval cancer general treatment including early, before/after surgery, non-surgical, spread/symptom-control contexts; vaginal cancer general treatment including radiotherapy main treatment, early surgery, post-radiotherapy failure, and chemoradiotherapy contexts. · The NHS pages are general treatment information and do not establish drug reimbursement, eligibility, or specialist center access. They do not provide vulvar/vaginal-cancer-specific immunotherapy or targeted-therapy commissioning status. Confidence/conflicts: High for general NHS treatment categories; medium for detailed access because NICE/MHRA and local commissioning were not fetched in this finding.
- Vulval cancer: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, palliative/symptom-control care. Vaginal cancer: radiotherapy including brachytherapy, surgery in selected settings, chemotherapy with radiotherapy, and follow-up care.[1]Standard option (per NHS)Vulval cancer general treatment including early, before/after surgery, non-surgical, spread/symptom-control contexts; vaginal cancer general treatment including radiotherapy main treatment, early surgery, post-radiotherapy failure, and chemoradiotherapy contexts. · The NHS pages are general treatment information and do not establish drug reimbursement, eligibility, or specialist center access. They do not provide vulvar/vaginal-cancer-specific immunotherapy or targeted-therapy commissioning status. Confidence/conflicts: High for general NHS treatment categories; medium for detailed access because NICE/MHRA and local commissioning were not fetched in this finding.
- Vulval cancer: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, palliative/symptom-control care. Vaginal cancer: radiotherapy including brachytherapy, surgery in selected settings, chemotherapy with radiotherapy, and follow-up care.[1]Standard option (per NHS)Vulval cancer general treatment including early, before/after surgery, non-surgical, spread/symptom-control contexts; vaginal cancer general treatment including radiotherapy main treatment, early surgery, post-radiotherapy failure, and chemoradiotherapy contexts. · The NHS pages are general treatment information and do not establish drug reimbursement, eligibility, or specialist center access. They do not provide vulvar/vaginal-cancer-specific immunotherapy or targeted-therapy commissioning status. Confidence/conflicts: High for general NHS treatment categories; medium for detailed access because NICE/MHRA and local commissioning were not fetched in this finding.
Sources
- NHS — national health-service patient information · national health-service patient information
This is official regulatory and access status only — not medical advice, not a recommendation, and not a statement about eligibility. Whether any option fits depends on your situation and your oncology team. Status changes over time; confirm the current position with the linked source. Last checked 2026-06-12.
Beyond approved care
In clinical trials & emerging options
Options that are not — or not yet — an approved standard where you live: studies, clinical trials, off-label use, and early evidence that your own oncologist may not raise. Each is labeled by how strong the evidence is. A listing here is information to research and discuss with your team; it does not mean a treatment is proven, safe for you, or available today.
In clinical trials
- Laser therapy, wide local excision, vaginectomy, intravaginal chemotherapy, intracavitary radiation therapy, imiquimod, external-beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, surgery including radical vaginectomy or pelvic exenteration in selected contexts, chemoradiation, palliative radiation with or without chemotherapy, and clinical trialsClinical trialClinical trialReported in a clinical trialUnited States · VaIN; stage I SCC or adenocarcinoma; stages II, III, and IVA SCC or adenocarcinoma; stage IVB; recurrent vaginal cancer. · Evidence is limited because vaginal cancer is rare. Chemotherapy and chemoradiation language in advanced/recurrent disease is partly extrapolated from cervical cancer and limited case-series evidence; it should not be represented as proven survival benefit or a vaginal-cancer-specific approved drug claim. Confidence/conflicts: High for the NCI framework and caveats; no FDA vaginal-cancer-specific systemic label was verified in this finding. National Cancer Institute — national cancer agency evidence summary
- Laser therapy, wide local excision, vaginectomy, intravaginal chemotherapy, intracavitary radiation therapy, imiquimod, external-beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, surgery including radical vaginectomy or pelvic exenteration in selected contexts, chemoradiation, palliative radiation with or without chemotherapy, and clinical trialsClinical trialClinical trialReported in a clinical trialUnited States · VaIN; stage I SCC or adenocarcinoma; stages II, III, and IVA SCC or adenocarcinoma; stage IVB; recurrent vaginal cancer. · Evidence is limited because vaginal cancer is rare. Chemotherapy and chemoradiation language in advanced/recurrent disease is partly extrapolated from cervical cancer and limited case-series evidence; it should not be represented as proven survival benefit or a vaginal-cancer-specific approved drug claim. Confidence/conflicts: High for the NCI framework and caveats; no FDA vaginal-cancer-specific systemic label was verified in this finding. National Cancer Institute — national cancer agency evidence summary
- Laser therapy, wide local excision, vaginectomy, intravaginal chemotherapy, intracavitary radiation therapy, imiquimod, external-beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, surgery including radical vaginectomy or pelvic exenteration in selected contexts, chemoradiation, palliative radiation with or without chemotherapy, and clinical trialsClinical trialClinical trialReported in a clinical trialUnited States · VaIN; stage I SCC or adenocarcinoma; stages II, III, and IVA SCC or adenocarcinoma; stage IVB; recurrent vaginal cancer. · Evidence is limited because vaginal cancer is rare. Chemotherapy and chemoradiation language in advanced/recurrent disease is partly extrapolated from cervical cancer and limited case-series evidence; it should not be represented as proven survival benefit or a vaginal-cancer-specific approved drug claim. Confidence/conflicts: High for the NCI framework and caveats; no FDA vaginal-cancer-specific systemic label was verified in this finding. National Cancer Institute — national cancer agency evidence summary
- Laser therapy, wide local excision, vaginectomy, intravaginal chemotherapy, intracavitary radiation therapy, imiquimod, external-beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, surgery including radical vaginectomy or pelvic exenteration in selected contexts, chemoradiation, palliative radiation with or without chemotherapy, and clinical trialsClinical trialClinical trialReported in a clinical trialUnited States · VaIN; stage I SCC or adenocarcinoma; stages II, III, and IVA SCC or adenocarcinoma; stage IVB; recurrent vaginal cancer. · Evidence is limited because vaginal cancer is rare. Chemotherapy and chemoradiation language in advanced/recurrent disease is partly extrapolated from cervical cancer and limited case-series evidence; it should not be represented as proven survival benefit or a vaginal-cancer-specific approved drug claim. Confidence/conflicts: High for the NCI framework and caveats; no FDA vaginal-cancer-specific systemic label was verified in this finding. National Cancer Institute — national cancer agency evidence summary
- Laser therapy, wide local excision, vaginectomy, intravaginal chemotherapy, intracavitary radiation therapy, imiquimod, external-beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, surgery including radical vaginectomy or pelvic exenteration in selected contexts, chemoradiation, palliative radiation with or without chemotherapy, and clinical trialsClinical trialClinical trialReported in a clinical trialUnited States · VaIN; stage I SCC or adenocarcinoma; stages II, III, and IVA SCC or adenocarcinoma; stage IVB; recurrent vaginal cancer. · Evidence is limited because vaginal cancer is rare. Chemotherapy and chemoradiation language in advanced/recurrent disease is partly extrapolated from cervical cancer and limited case-series evidence; it should not be represented as proven survival benefit or a vaginal-cancer-specific approved drug claim. Confidence/conflicts: High for the NCI framework and caveats; no FDA vaginal-cancer-specific systemic label was verified in this finding. National Cancer Institute — national cancer agency evidence summary
- Surgery, topical imiquimod, radiation therapy, chemoradiation, chemotherapy regimens extrapolated from anal or cervical cancer such as fluorouracil, cisplatin, mitomycin, or bleomycin, palliative radiation therapy, and clinical trialsClinical trialClinical trialReported in a clinical trialUnited States · VIN; stages I-II; stage III; stage IVA; stage IVB; recurrent vulvar cancer. · NCI PDQ is an evidence summary, not a payer coverage rule. For stage IVB, the source says local therapy must be individualized and that chemotherapy evidence is anecdotal/extrapolated; do not infer superiority, eligibility, or FDA-approved vulvar-specific systemic therapy from this framework. Confidence/conflicts: High for the U.S. NCI stage-based framework and its no-standard-metastatic-chemotherapy caveat; FDA label-specific systemic options were not verified in this finding. National Cancer Institute — national cancer agency evidence summary
- Surgery, topical imiquimod, radiation therapy, chemoradiation, chemotherapy regimens extrapolated from anal or cervical cancer such as fluorouracil, cisplatin, mitomycin, or bleomycin, palliative radiation therapy, and clinical trialsClinical trialClinical trialReported in a clinical trialUnited States · VIN; stages I-II; stage III; stage IVA; stage IVB; recurrent vulvar cancer. · NCI PDQ is an evidence summary, not a payer coverage rule. For stage IVB, the source says local therapy must be individualized and that chemotherapy evidence is anecdotal/extrapolated; do not infer superiority, eligibility, or FDA-approved vulvar-specific systemic therapy from this framework. Confidence/conflicts: High for the U.S. NCI stage-based framework and its no-standard-metastatic-chemotherapy caveat; FDA label-specific systemic options were not verified in this finding. National Cancer Institute — national cancer agency evidence summary
- Surgery, topical imiquimod, radiation therapy, chemoradiation, chemotherapy regimens extrapolated from anal or cervical cancer such as fluorouracil, cisplatin, mitomycin, or bleomycin, palliative radiation therapy, and clinical trialsClinical trialClinical trialReported in a clinical trialUnited States · VIN; stages I-II; stage III; stage IVA; stage IVB; recurrent vulvar cancer. · NCI PDQ is an evidence summary, not a payer coverage rule. For stage IVB, the source says local therapy must be individualized and that chemotherapy evidence is anecdotal/extrapolated; do not infer superiority, eligibility, or FDA-approved vulvar-specific systemic therapy from this framework. Confidence/conflicts: High for the U.S. NCI stage-based framework and its no-standard-metastatic-chemotherapy caveat; FDA label-specific systemic options were not verified in this finding. National Cancer Institute — national cancer agency evidence summary
- Surgery, topical imiquimod, radiation therapy, chemoradiation, chemotherapy regimens extrapolated from anal or cervical cancer such as fluorouracil, cisplatin, mitomycin, or bleomycin, palliative radiation therapy, and clinical trialsClinical trialClinical trialReported in a clinical trialUnited States · VIN; stages I-II; stage III; stage IVA; stage IVB; recurrent vulvar cancer. · NCI PDQ is an evidence summary, not a payer coverage rule. For stage IVB, the source says local therapy must be individualized and that chemotherapy evidence is anecdotal/extrapolated; do not infer superiority, eligibility, or FDA-approved vulvar-specific systemic therapy from this framework. Confidence/conflicts: High for the U.S. NCI stage-based framework and its no-standard-metastatic-chemotherapy caveat; FDA label-specific systemic options were not verified in this finding. National Cancer Institute — national cancer agency evidence summary
- Surgery, topical imiquimod, radiation therapy, chemoradiation, chemotherapy regimens extrapolated from anal or cervical cancer such as fluorouracil, cisplatin, mitomycin, or bleomycin, palliative radiation therapy, and clinical trialsClinical trialClinical trialReported in a clinical trialUnited States · VIN; stages I-II; stage III; stage IVA; stage IVB; recurrent vulvar cancer. · NCI PDQ is an evidence summary, not a payer coverage rule. For stage IVB, the source says local therapy must be individualized and that chemotherapy evidence is anecdotal/extrapolated; do not infer superiority, eligibility, or FDA-approved vulvar-specific systemic therapy from this framework. Confidence/conflicts: High for the U.S. NCI stage-based framework and its no-standard-metastatic-chemotherapy caveat; FDA label-specific systemic options were not verified in this finding. National Cancer Institute — national cancer agency evidence summary
- Surgery, topical imiquimod, radiation therapy, chemoradiation, chemotherapy regimens extrapolated from anal or cervical cancer such as fluorouracil, cisplatin, mitomycin, or bleomycin, palliative radiation therapy, and clinical trialsClinical trialClinical trialReported in a clinical trialUnited States · VIN; stages I-II; stage III; stage IVA; stage IVB; recurrent vulvar cancer. · NCI PDQ is an evidence summary, not a payer coverage rule. For stage IVB, the source says local therapy must be individualized and that chemotherapy evidence is anecdotal/extrapolated; do not infer superiority, eligibility, or FDA-approved vulvar-specific systemic therapy from this framework. Confidence/conflicts: High for the U.S. NCI stage-based framework and its no-standard-metastatic-chemotherapy caveat; FDA label-specific systemic options were not verified in this finding. National Cancer Institute — national cancer agency evidence summary
- Paclitaxel; DaRT Diffusing Alpha-emitters Radiation TherapyClinical trial · NCT00014599Clinical trialTrial only (registry)United Kingdom · Locally advanced, metastatic, or recurrent vulvar cancer for paclitaxel; recurrent vulva cancer/vulvar squamous cell carcinoma for DaRT. · The paclitaxel record is completed with an old last update; the DaRT record has unknown overall status despite a listed recruiting UK site in the fetched location text. These entries are trial-history or registry signals, not current access recommendations. Confidence/conflicts: High that the fetched registry records support UK/European trial cells; medium for current access because one record is old and one has unknown overall status. No NICE, MHRA, EMA, or reimbursement claim is made. ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical-trial registry
- Paclitaxel; DaRT Diffusing Alpha-emitters Radiation TherapyClinical trial · NCT00014599Clinical trialTrial only (registry)United Kingdom · Locally advanced, metastatic, or recurrent vulvar cancer for paclitaxel; recurrent vulva cancer/vulvar squamous cell carcinoma for DaRT. · The paclitaxel record is completed with an old last update; the DaRT record has unknown overall status despite a listed recruiting UK site in the fetched location text. These entries are trial-history or registry signals, not current access recommendations. Confidence/conflicts: High that the fetched registry records support UK/European trial cells; medium for current access because one record is old and one has unknown overall status. No NICE, MHRA, EMA, or reimbursement claim is made. ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical-trial registry
- Paclitaxel; DaRT Diffusing Alpha-emitters Radiation TherapyClinical trial · NCT00014599Clinical trialTrial only (registry)United Kingdom · Locally advanced, metastatic, or recurrent vulvar cancer for paclitaxel; recurrent vulva cancer/vulvar squamous cell carcinoma for DaRT. · The paclitaxel record is completed with an old last update; the DaRT record has unknown overall status despite a listed recruiting UK site in the fetched location text. These entries are trial-history or registry signals, not current access recommendations. Confidence/conflicts: High that the fetched registry records support UK/European trial cells; medium for current access because one record is old and one has unknown overall status. No NICE, MHRA, EMA, or reimbursement claim is made. ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical-trial registry
- Cardunolizumab; HRYZ-T101 Injection with fludarabine + cyclophosphamide; HRYZ-T101 TCR-T Cell with fludarabine + cyclophosphamide; surface-guided radiation therapy using optical surface monitoring systemClinical trial · NCT06292689Clinical trialTrial only (registry)China · HPV18-positive for HRYZ-T101 studies; otherwise not specified in the fetched registry text; Recurrent or metastatic vulvar and vaginal cancer for cardunolizumab; HPV18-positive solid tumor including carcinoma of vagina/vulva for HRYZ-T101; vulvar cancer radiation-implementation context for surface-guided radiation therapy. · Trial statuses vary from recruiting to completed or unknown. The HRYZ-T101 records are basket studies, not vulvar/vaginal-only trials. Surface-guided radiation therapy is a device/implementation study and not a systemic anticancer drug option. Confidence/conflicts: High that the fetched records support China-site clinical-trial or radiation-implementation cells; no NMPA approval claim is made. Broad recurrent gynecologic-malignancy H101 and vaccine/prevention records were skipped because the fetched text did not directly support a vulvar/vaginal treatment cell. ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical-trial registry
- Cardunolizumab; HRYZ-T101 Injection with fludarabine + cyclophosphamide; HRYZ-T101 TCR-T Cell with fludarabine + cyclophosphamide; surface-guided radiation therapy using optical surface monitoring systemClinical trial · NCT06292689Clinical trialTrial only (registry)China · HPV18-positive for HRYZ-T101 studies; otherwise not specified in the fetched registry text; Recurrent or metastatic vulvar and vaginal cancer for cardunolizumab; HPV18-positive solid tumor including carcinoma of vagina/vulva for HRYZ-T101; vulvar cancer radiation-implementation context for surface-guided radiation therapy. · Trial statuses vary from recruiting to completed or unknown. The HRYZ-T101 records are basket studies, not vulvar/vaginal-only trials. Surface-guided radiation therapy is a device/implementation study and not a systemic anticancer drug option. Confidence/conflicts: High that the fetched records support China-site clinical-trial or radiation-implementation cells; no NMPA approval claim is made. Broad recurrent gynecologic-malignancy H101 and vaccine/prevention records were skipped because the fetched text did not directly support a vulvar/vaginal treatment cell. ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical-trial registry
- Cardunolizumab; HRYZ-T101 Injection with fludarabine + cyclophosphamide; HRYZ-T101 TCR-T Cell with fludarabine + cyclophosphamide; surface-guided radiation therapy using optical surface monitoring systemClinical trial · NCT06292689Clinical trialTrial only (registry)China · HPV18-positive for HRYZ-T101 studies; otherwise not specified in the fetched registry text; Recurrent or metastatic vulvar and vaginal cancer for cardunolizumab; HPV18-positive solid tumor including carcinoma of vagina/vulva for HRYZ-T101; vulvar cancer radiation-implementation context for surface-guided radiation therapy. · Trial statuses vary from recruiting to completed or unknown. The HRYZ-T101 records are basket studies, not vulvar/vaginal-only trials. Surface-guided radiation therapy is a device/implementation study and not a systemic anticancer drug option. Confidence/conflicts: High that the fetched records support China-site clinical-trial or radiation-implementation cells; no NMPA approval claim is made. Broad recurrent gynecologic-malignancy H101 and vaccine/prevention records were skipped because the fetched text did not directly support a vulvar/vaginal treatment cell. ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical-trial registry
- Cardunolizumab; HRYZ-T101 Injection with fludarabine + cyclophosphamide; HRYZ-T101 TCR-T Cell with fludarabine + cyclophosphamide; surface-guided radiation therapy using optical surface monitoring systemClinical trial · NCT06292689Clinical trialTrial only (registry)China · HPV18-positive for HRYZ-T101 studies; otherwise not specified in the fetched registry text; Recurrent or metastatic vulvar and vaginal cancer for cardunolizumab; HPV18-positive solid tumor including carcinoma of vagina/vulva for HRYZ-T101; vulvar cancer radiation-implementation context for surface-guided radiation therapy. · Trial statuses vary from recruiting to completed or unknown. The HRYZ-T101 records are basket studies, not vulvar/vaginal-only trials. Surface-guided radiation therapy is a device/implementation study and not a systemic anticancer drug option. Confidence/conflicts: High that the fetched records support China-site clinical-trial or radiation-implementation cells; no NMPA approval claim is made. Broad recurrent gynecologic-malignancy H101 and vaccine/prevention records were skipped because the fetched text did not directly support a vulvar/vaginal treatment cell. ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical-trial registry
- Stimotimagene copolymerplasmid plus ganciclovirClinical trial · NCT05578820Clinical trialTrial only (registry)Russia · Phase 1 safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics investigation in multiple tumor types including vulvar neoplasms. · The study is completed and broad across tumor types. The registry text does not provide a vulvar-neoplasm-specific cohort outcome, standard-of-care role, or active access pathway. Confidence/conflicts: Medium-high for the existence of a Russia-site broad registry cell including vulvar neoplasms; low for disease-specific treatment relevance beyond investigational context. No Russian approval claim is made. reimbursement not established in this jurisdiction trial-registry listing only — does not establish approval, reimbursement, or eligibility ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical-trial registry
- Stimotimagene copolymerplasmid plus ganciclovirClinical trial · NCT05578820Clinical trialTrial only (registry)Russia · Phase 1 safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics investigation in multiple tumor types including vulvar neoplasms. · The study is completed and broad across tumor types. The registry text does not provide a vulvar-neoplasm-specific cohort outcome, standard-of-care role, or active access pathway. Confidence/conflicts: Medium-high for the existence of a Russia-site broad registry cell including vulvar neoplasms; low for disease-specific treatment relevance beyond investigational context. No Russian approval claim is made. reimbursement not established in this jurisdiction trial-registry listing only — does not establish approval, reimbursement, or eligibility ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical-trial registry
- Stimotimagene copolymerplasmid plus ganciclovirClinical trial · NCT05578820Clinical trialTrial only (registry)Russia · Phase 1 safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics investigation in multiple tumor types including vulvar neoplasms. · The study is completed and broad across tumor types. The registry text does not provide a vulvar-neoplasm-specific cohort outcome, standard-of-care role, or active access pathway. Confidence/conflicts: Medium-high for the existence of a Russia-site broad registry cell including vulvar neoplasms; low for disease-specific treatment relevance beyond investigational context. No Russian approval claim is made. reimbursement not established in this jurisdiction trial-registry listing only — does not establish approval, reimbursement, or eligibility ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical-trial registry
A clinical-trial listing or early report shows an option is being studied — not that it works, that it is safe for any one person, or that a site is enrolling today. Whether any of these fits is a conversation for your oncology team and the trial team. Last checked 2026-06-12.